How to Start a Buffet Restaurant

Start a buffet restaurant by following these 10 steps:

1. Plan your Buffet Restaurant
2. Form your Buffet Restaurant into a Legal Entity
3. Register your Buffet Restaurant for Taxes
4. Open a Business Bank Account & Credit Card
5. Set up Accounting for your Buffet Restaurant
6. Get the Necessary Permits & Licenses for your Buffet Restaurant
7. Get Buffet Restaurant Insurance
8. Define your Buffet Restaurant Brand
9. Create your Buffet Restaurant Website
10. Set up your Business Phone System

We have put together this simple guide to starting your buffet restaurant. These steps will ensure that your new business is well planned out, registered properly and legally compliant.

Exploring your options? Check out other small business ideas.

STEP 1: Plan your business

A clear plan is essential for success as an entrepreneur. It will help you map out the specifics of your business and discover some unknowns. A few important topics to consider are:

• What will you name your business?
• What are the startup and ongoing costs?
• Who is your target market?
• How much can you charge customers?

Luckily we have done a lot of this research for you.

What will you name your business?

Choosing the right name is important and challenging. If you don’t already have a name in mind, visit our How to Name a Business guide or get help brainstorming a name with our Buffet Restaurant Name Generator

If you operate a sole proprietorship, you might want to operate under a business name other than your own name. Visit our DBA guide to learn more.

When registering a business name, we recommend researching your business name by checking:

• Your state's business records
• Federal and state trademark records
• Social media platforms
• Web domain availability.

It's very important to secure your domain name before someone else does.

What are the costs involved in opening a buffet restaurant?

The median cost to open a restaurant (without buying the land) is about $225,000, but there are ways to cut your costs. Because buffets can be successful regardless of the neighborhood you’re located in, you may be able to find an affordable location and furnish it with used equipment and supplies (e.g., tables, chairs, decor, etc.) to save money.

What are the ongoing expenses for a buffet restaurant?

Owners should factor in the following costs for a buffet restaurant:

• Restaurant equipment costs
• Cost of food
• Rent/land maintenance
• Marketing costs
• Employee salary

Who is the target market?

Owners profit from families and individuals who see the benefits of buffets. Those who are big eaters can choose an All You Can Eat (AYCE) option. Those who have a difficult time deciding on a meal can instead try whatever they want, whenever they want it. Finally, many people use buffets as a way to try new foods. Most people won’t cook their own lobster or order an expensive meal in a restaurant, but they may choose a tail to try when they’re at a buffet to see if they like it.

How does a buffet restaurant make money?

Profits at a buffet restaurant (or any restaurant) can be slim. In fact, the high-end Vegas buffets typically lose money with their expensive menu options like Alaskan King Crabs and Wagyu beef to encourage gambling. Owners who don't work at a casino should price their buffet margins at about 70% or so to cover the cost of what’s on the plate, meaning if the cost of the food on a plate is about $3, then the customer should be paying about $10 for their meal. The additional 70% goes toward maintaining the restaurant’s daily operations.

How much can you charge customers?

A standard homestyle buffet costs about $12 for dinner, while a Chinese or Indian buffet may keep the price closer to $10. Calculate the price of the menu items you offer, and then do research on what other buffets are charging in the area before setting the final price.

How much profit can a buffet restaurant make?

Like all restaurants, owners need to be extremely conscientious about waste. Streamlining the ordering and pricing process can greatly impact your bottom line. Many people will not end up eating nearly as much as they think they will, and even if they do overdo it, the potential for profits is still available. Still, margins can be as slim as 1 or 2%, even considering these facts. Assuming a 2% profit margin, a buffet restaurant would need to sell about 90 meals every day at $12 a piece in order to make about $8,000 worth of profit a year.

How can you make your business more profitable?

Buffets are all about choices for the customers, so consider offering more ways for your customers to get what they want. For example, you may want to do student nights on a slower day of the week, or a themed buffet such as Taco Tuesday. In addition, try offering people meals prepared fresh, either at a cooking station, or as a separate part of the menu. For example, BD’s Mongolian BBQ (a chain buffet restaurant) would offer customers the chance to do one trip to the buffet as a lunchtime offering rather than the standard AYCE.

STEP 2: Form a legal entity

The most common business structure types are the sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company (LLC), and corporation.

Establishing a legal business entity such as an LLC or corporation protects you from being held personally liable if your buffet restaurant is sued.

You can form an LLC yourself and pay only the minimal state LLC costs or hire one of the Best LLC Services for a small, additional fee.

STEP 3: Register for taxes

You will need to register for a variety of state and federal taxes before you can open for business.

In order to register for taxes you will need to apply for an EIN. It's really easy and free!

There are specific state taxes that might apply to your business. Learn more about state sales tax and franchise taxes in our state sales tax guides.

STEP 4: Open a business bank account & credit card

Using dedicated business banking and credit accounts is essential for personal asset protection.

When your personal and business accounts are mixed, your personal assets (your home, car, and other valuables) are at risk in the event your business is sued. In business law, this is referred to as piercing your corporate veil.

Open a business bank account

Besides being a requirement when applying for business loans, opening a business bank account:

• Separates your personal assets from your company's assets, which is necessary for personal asset protection.
• Makes accounting and tax filing easier.

Get a business credit card

Getting a business credit card helps you:

• Separate personal and business expenses by putting your business' expenses all in one place.
• Build your company's credit history, which can be useful to raise money later on.

STEP 5: Set up business accounting

Recording your various expenses and sources of income is critical to understanding the financial performance of your business. Keeping accurate and detailed accounts also greatly simplifies your annual tax filing.

Make LLC accounting easy with our LLC Expenses Cheat Sheet.

STEP 6: Obtain necessary permits and licenses

Failure to acquire necessary permits and licenses can result in hefty fines, or even cause your business to be shut down.

Federal Business Licensing Requirements

There are federal regulations regarding what can and cannot be added to, sold as, and processed with food. Attached is a resource from the Food and Drug Administration detailing the process of starting a food business: How to Start a Food Business

State & Local Business Licensing Requirements

Certain state permits and licenses may be needed to operate a buffet business. Learn more about licensing requirements in your state by visiting SBA’s reference to state licenses and permits.

Certificate of Occupancy

A buffet business is generally run out of a storefront. Businesses operating out of a physical location typically require a Certificate of Occupancy (CO).  A CO confirms that all building codes, zoning laws and government regulations have been met.

• If you plan to lease a location:
• It is generally the landlord’s responsibility to obtain a CO.
• Before leasing, confirm that your landlord has or can obtain a valid CO that is applicable to a buffet business.
• After a major renovation, a new CO often needs to be issued. If your place of business will be renovated before opening, it is recommended to include language in your lease agreement stating that lease payments will not commence until a valid CO is issued.

• If you plan to purchase or build a location:
• You will be responsible for obtaining a valid CO from a local government authority.
• Review all building codes and zoning requirements for your business’ location to ensure your buffet business will be in compliance and able to obtain a CO.

Food Regulations

When selling food, you will need licensing from a local health department; all establishments serving food are required to pass a health inspection. Tips for faring well on a health inspections

STEP 7: Get business insurance

Just as with licenses and permits, your business needs insurance in order to operate safely and lawfully. Business Insurance protects your company’s financial wellbeing in the event of a covered loss.

There are several types of insurance policies created for different types of businesses with different risks. If you’re unsure of the types of risks that your business may face, begin with General Liability Insurance. This is the most common coverage that small businesses need, so it’s a great place to start for your business.

Another notable insurance policy that many businesses need is Workers’ Compensation Insurance. If your business will have employees, it’s a good chance that your state will require you to carry Workers' Compensation Coverage.

Is this Business Right For You?

This business is good for someone who loves giving customers a unique experience at a restaurant and wants to open up people's eyes to new forms of cuisine. Owners should also have an interest in food patterns, and how to get the best seasonal ingredients for the cheapest prices.

What happens during a typical day at a buffet restaurant?

A buffet restaurant owner may complete any of the following tasks in a given day:

• Selecting buffet options
• Maintaining buffet/cooking equipment
• Hiring and managing employees
• Completing safety inspections
• Advertising the business

What are some skills and experiences that will help you build a successful buffet restaurant?

Prior experience in buffets will be a huge help. There is a psychology behind buffets, and it helps to understand how people eat and what they want exactly. Buffet owners should also be extremely organized, as the organization and flow of people will need to be carefully considered before a final layout is decided upon.

What is the growth potential for a buffet restaurant?

Growth potential is possible with a steady clientele. Many of the most successful buffets are gathering places in communities, somewhere to go after church or on Fridays after a long work week. Loyal customers encourage newcomers to try your buffet offerings, and provids valuable word of mouth too.